The Sultanate of Ottoman is a historical Islamic state that lasted from 1299 to 1922. It was founded in 1299 by Osman, and expanded over the centuries through military conquests to become a vast empire spanning three continents, including much of southeastern Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa.
At its height, the Ottoman Empire was a dominant power in the region, and was known for its sophisticated administration, cultural achievements, and military might. During its long history, the Ottoman Empire saw periods of expansion and decline, and underwent numerous reforms aimed at modernizing the state and improving governance.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Ottoman Empire faced increasing challenges from internal strife, nationalism among its many ethnic and religious groups, and external pressures from European powers. By the end of World War I, the empire was in a state of collapse, and its territory was eventually divided among the victorious Allies. The modern Republic of Turkey was established in 1923, after the fall of the Ottoman Empire.
